Understanding PWA Cache Strategies: Cache First, Network First, and Stale-While-Revalidate (Beginner-Friendly Guide)

Last updated: 2026/02/14

Among all PWA features, cache strategy is the part that confuses beginners the most.
Service Workers make websites load faster, but they also introduce issues like:

• “The update didn’t apply”
• “The old data keeps showing”
• “The site won’t refresh”

This article explains the three major caching strategies used in PWAs:
Cache First, Network First, and Stale-While-Revalidate —
in a way that even complete beginners can understand.

What Is a Cache Strategy?

A cache strategy simply defines:

“Where should the browser get data from first — the network or the cache?”

Because PWAs cache files locally, they can load extremely fast.
But if the strategy is wrong, updates fail to appear and the user keeps seeing outdated content.

① Cache First

Super fast — but rarely updates.

How it works

1. Check the cache first
2. If cached, show it immediately
3. If not cached, fetch from the network and save it

Advantages

• Extremely fast after the first load
• Great for offline-friendly apps

Disadvantages

• Updates often fail to appear
• Developers must carefully manage cache invalidation

This strategy is not suitable for blogs or frequently updated content.

② Network First

Best for websites with frequent updates.

How it works

1. Try to fetch the latest data from the network
2. If offline or slow, fallback to cache

Advantages

• Always displays the latest version
• Ideal for blogs, news, and SEO-focused websites

Disadvantages

• Initial load may be slower
• Offline usage is limited

If your site content changes often, this strategy is the safest choice.

③ Stale-While-Revalidate

The most balanced strategy: fast and up-to-date.

How it works

1. If a cached version exists, show it instantly
2. Simultaneously fetch the latest data in the background
3. Update the cache for the next visit

Advantages

• Fast loading + automatic updates
• Feels like a native app

Disadvantages

• Updates only appear on the next visit
• Implementation is slightly more complex

Many modern web apps (including social platforms) use this strategy.

When to Use Each Strategy

The Most Common Beginner Mistake

The #1 issue beginners face is:

“Cache First makes updates not appear!”

But this is not a bug.
It is exactly how Cache First is designed —
it prioritizes speed over freshness.

PWA “Update Problems” Are Usually Strategy Mistakes

Typical causes include:

• Using Cache First on a frequently updated website
• Using Network First on a tool that should be fast
• Forgetting to update cache versions
• Misusing skipWaiting

PWAs become unreliable when the wrong strategy is used.
A proper strategy makes them behave like polished native apps.

Summary: PWAs Are Powerful When the Strategy Is Correct

• Cache First → fastest, but rarely updates
• Network First → safest for SEO and fresh content
• Stale-While-Revalidate → balanced and user-friendly

Once you understand cache strategies, PWAs stop being scary.
They become a tool that gives you full control over speed and updates.

In future OJapp Tips articles, we’ll also share real Service Worker code examples and deeper debugging techniques.